Final answer:
Genes are located on chromosomes in the cell nucleus, and the nucleolus inside the nucleus is responsible for creating ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genes are located on chromosomes, which are found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Chromosomes consist of strands of DNA coiled around proteins. These chromosomes hold genetics information crucial for the function and reproduction of organisms. Humans have 46 chromosomes, grouped into 23 pairs, containing hundreds to thousands of genes on each chromosome. The nucleolus within the nucleus is responsible for creating ribosomes, which are the cellular structures that synthesize proteins in the cytoplasm. DNA's genetic code is transcribed into RNA, which carries the instructions out of the nucleus through nuclear pores to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are then made.