Final answer:
The suffix that means "make" is '-fy', as demonstrated by words such as 'dignify', 'satisfy', and 'terrify'. The final e is often dropped in words when the suffix starts with e, i, or y. The letter c spells the [s] sound when followed by the same letters.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding English Suffixes and Prefixes
To determine which suffix means "make", we can analyze the suffixes provided in the examples. The suffix '-fy' is commonly added to words to mean "make" or "cause to become." As seen in the examples 'dignify', 'satisfy', 'terrify', 'multiply', 'testify', and 'qualify', the base word is turned into a verb that means to cause the action or state. Therefore, the correct option is:
B - Fy.
When looking at the cases where the final e was deleted in the words provided, we can conclude that this occurs when the suffix begins with e, i, or y, leading to the deletion of the final e in the original word to avoid having two vowels in succession. For example, 'terrify' becomes 'terrified' instead of 'terrifyed', and 'dignify' becomes 'dignified' instead of 'dignifyed'.
Additionally, it's noted that the letter c always spells the sound [s] when it is followed by the letters e, i, or y. For instance, in the suffix '-es' as in 'allies' and 'dries', the c would be pronounced as [s] if it were present in these words.
When forming words with prefixes, bases, and suffixes, as in the combinations given, we need to consider changes due to palatalization, which can change how a 't' is pronounced. An example provided is the combination 'act + ual + ly', which goes through no change in the spelling of [ch]; it simply becomes 'actually'.