Question

A huge ice glacier in the Himalayas initially covered an area of 454545 square kilometers. Because of changing weather patterns, this glacier begins to melt, and the area it covers begins to decrease exponentially.

The relationship between AAA, the area of the glacier in square kilometers, and ttt, the number of years the glacier has been melting, is modeled by the following equation.
A=45e^{-0.05t}A=45e
−0.05t
A, equals, 45, e, start superscript, minus, 0, point, 05, t, end superscript
How many years will it take for the area of the glacier to decrease to 151515 square kilometers?
Give an exact answer expressed as a natural logarithm

Answer 1

We have been given that a huge ice glacier in the Himalayas initially covered an area of 45 square kilo-meters. The relationship between A, the area of the glacier in square kilo-meters, and t, the number of years the glacier has been melting, is modeled by the equation
`A=45e^(-0.05t)`.

To find the time it will take for the area of the glacier to decrease to 15 square kilo-meters, we will equate
`A=15` and solve for t as:

`15=45e^(-0.05t)`

`(15)/(45)=(45e^(-0.05t))/(45)`

`(1)/(3)=e^(-0.05t)`

Now we will switch sides:

`e^(-0.05t)=(1)/(3)`

Let us take natural log on both sides of equation.

`\text{ln}(e^(-0.05t))=\text{ln}((1)/(3))`

Using natural log property
`\text{ln}(a^b)=b\cdot \text{ln}(a)`, we will get:

`-0.05t\cdot \text{ln}(e)=\text{ln}((1)/(3))`

`-0.05t\cdot (1)=\text{ln}((1)/(3))`

`-0.05t=\text{ln}((1)/(3))`

`t=\frac{\text{ln}((1)/(3))}{-0.05}`

`t=\frac{\text{ln}((1)/(3))\cdot 100}{-0.05\cdot 100}`

`t=\frac{\text{ln}((1)/(3))\cdot 100}{-5}`

`t=-\text{ln}((1)/(3))\cdot 20`

`t=-(\text{ln}(1)-\text{ln}(3))\cdot 20`

`t=-(0-\text{ln}(3))\cdot 20`

`t=20\text{ln}(3)`

Therefore, it will take
`20\text{ln}(3)` years for area of the glacier to decrease to 15 square kilo-meters.