Raul, an engineer with a leading manufacturer, pointed out a few things have contributed to his motivation. First, top managers were sharing company goals with employees. Second, his manager recently met with Raul's group to discuss the goals relevant to their jobs. Third, his manager requested that each person think about how he or she could personally help achieve these goals. As he followed through on his manager's request, Raul found himself becoming clearer about the role he is expected to play in reaching the organization's goals. This manufacturer is using __________ to help its managers boost employee motivation.