Question

A mutation is found in a tRNA-encoding gene. The wild type allele produces a tRNA that recognizes the codon GAA, and is charged with the amino acid Glutamic acid. The mutant tRNA is still charged with Glu, but the anticodon is mutated such that it recognizes the codon UAA. What effect will this have on translation in these cells

Answer 1

The anticodon will be unable to recognize the mRNA codon that is GAA, and the translation of this protein/polypeptide will be abruptly stopped. This may result in a truncated protein which is defected and hence, will be degraded by the relevant mechanisms in place. Since, UAA is actually one of the stop codons, the ribosome will not continue onward with the translation and fall off the mRNA.

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Answer 2

It will bring about a stop to the translation process

Step-by-step explanation:

The mutant tRNA despite still being charged with Glu, since it's anticodon is mutated and then recognizes and reads the codon UAA which is one of the stop codons (UAA, UAG and UGA) on the mRNA strand causes the translation process of that particular mRNA strand to stop. And the growing polypeptide chain to be released if any from the ribosomes.