Question

Vitamins in Milk - Milk is a good source of many vitamins that can help us stay healthy. FDA recommends that the average vitamin A concentration for whole milk should be 202 micrograms per liter.

A first study in 2016 collected a sample of 35 whole milk bottles and found the average vitamin A concentration was 206.83 micrograms per liter with a standard deviation of 10 micrograms per liter.
A medical researcher wants to determine if the mean vitamin A concentration in whole milk is more than 202 micrograms per liter. The null and alternative hypothesis are given by
H0 : μ = 202 vs HA: μ > 202.
The effect size for this first study is 0.483 and the p-value is 0.0036.
1. A new study of 100 whole milk bottles reports a p-value of 0.00056 and an effect size of 0.4342. Does the new study confirm or conflict with the results of the first study?
O Conflict, because the effect size is smaller.
O Conflict, because the p-value is much smaller.
O Confirm, because the effect size is comparable.
O Confirm, because the p-value is much smaller.

Answer 1

O Confirm, because the p-value is much smaller.

Explanation:

The p-value is the probability used to determine whether to accept or reject an null hypothesis. Higher p-value means that there is evidence in favour of the null hypothesis while smaller p-value means that there is stronger evidence in favour of the alternative hypothesis. For the case above, the p-value is smaller which means that the new study confirms the results of the first study which also have a small p-value.