Final answer:
Magnetism is an interaction between magnetic objects that exert forces on each other. It is surrounded by a magnetic field that weakens with distance. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using a loop of wire in a magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials retain their magnetic properties, and magnets consist of multiple aligned magnetic domains.
Step-by-step explanation:
Magnetism is an interaction that allows certain kinds of objects, which are called 'magnetic' objects, to exert forces on each other without physically touching. A magnetic object is surrounded by a magnetic 'field' that gets weaker as one moves further away from the object. A second object can feel a magnetic force from the first object because it feels the magnetic field of the first object.
There are several terms related to magnetism that are mentioned in the question:
1. Electric Motor:
A device that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. It consists of a loop of wire in a magnetic field. When current is passed through the loops, the magnetic field exerts torque on the loops, which rotates a shaft.
2. Ferromagnetic Material:
A piece of magnetic material that retains its magnetic properties after it is removed from a magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, exhibit strong magnetic effects. The atoms in ferromagnetic materials act like small magnets and can be aligned in millimeter-sized regions called domains.
3. Magnetic Domain:
A domain is a region within a magnetic material in which the magnetic poles of individual atoms are aligned. Many domains together make up a magnet.