Question

For each situation below, state the independent variable and the dependent variable.a. A study is done to determine if elderly drivers are involved in more motor vehicle fatalities than all other drivers. The number of fatalities per 100,000 drivers is compared to the age of drivers.b. A study is done to determine if the weekly grocery bill changes based on the number of family members.c. Insurance companies base life insurance premiums partially on the age of the applicant.d. Utility bills vary according to power consumption.e. A study is done to determine if a higher education reduces the crime rate in a population

Answer 1

a. Independent variable: age; Dependent variable: fatalities per 100,000 drivers.

b. Independent variable: number of family members; Dependent variable: weekly grocery bill.

c. Independent variable: age of applicant; Dependent variable: insurance premium.

d. Independent variable: power consumption; Dependent variable: utility bills.

e. Independent variable: higher education (years); Dependent variable: crime rates.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the field of research, particularly in scientific and sociological studies, it's crucial to distinguish the independent variable (IV) from the dependent variable (DV). The independent variable is the condition that is manipulated or selected by the researcher to determine its effect on the dependent variable, which is the outcome that is measured. Here's the delineation between the IV and DV in given scenarios:

• a. Independent Variable: age of drivers; Dependent Variable: number of fatalities per 100,000 drivers.
• b. Independent Variable: number of family members; Dependent Variable: weekly grocery bill.
• c. Independent Variable: age of the applicant; Dependent Variable: life insurance premiums.
• d. Independent Variable: power consumption; Dependent Variable: utility bills.
• e. Independent Variable: level of higher education; Dependent Variable: crime rates in a population.

Each of these examples illustrates the relationship principle where the dependent variable changes in response to the independent variable, providing insight into the cause-effect dynamics at play.

Answer 2

a. Dependent variable - fatalities

Independent variable - age of the driver

b. Dependent variable - grocery bills

Independent variable - number of family members

c. Dependent variable - insurance

Independent variable - age of applicant

d. Dependent variable - utility bill

Independent variable - power consumption

e. Dependent variable - crime rate

Independent variable - higher education

Step-by-step explanation:

The independent variable is the variable that is used to predict the other variable, while the dependent variable is the variable that is been predicted.

The simple regression model comprises of one dependent variable (y)(y) and one independent variable (x)(x). It is used to predict the value of a dependent variable based on one independent variable.

Therefore,

a. The dependent variable is fatality and the independent variable is the age of the driver.

b. The dependent variable is grocery bills and the independent variable is the number of family members.

c. The dependent variable is insurance premium and the independent variable is the age of the applicant.

d. The dependent variable is the utility bill and the independent variable is power consumption.

e. The dependent variable is the crime rate and the independent variable is higher education.