Answer: the correct answer is option D plain view.
Step-by-step explanation:
The plain view doctrine of the Fourth Amendment allows a law enforcement officer to seize evidence of a crime (otherwise known as 'contraband') without a warrant, if the officer observes the contraband in plain view.
It gives police officers the right to seize needles and bags of heroin that someone may have lying right out on the passenger seat during a routine traffic stop. The plain view doctrine also permits certain seizures to be conducted without a warrant