Final answer:
Monsoons were pivotal in the Indus River Valley, leading to the development of water management innovations, agricultural sustenance through annual flooding, organized efforts for building water infrastructure, and provision of water for public baths.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monsoons played a significant role in the development of civilizations in the Indus River Valley. The annual monsoon rains supported agriculture by providing water for irrigation, which helped sustain crop production vital for these early societies. The vigorous monsoon rains also necessitated that the people invest in water-management projects, leading to technological innovations like sophisticated drainage systems and indoor plumbing, exemplified in advanced cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The abundance of water even facilitated public hygiene practices illustrated by the presence of public baths.
The correct answers that show how monsoons affected the development of Indus River Valley civilizations include:
- B. The need to manage water led to technological innovations, like the creation of reservoirs and extensive drainage systems.
- D. Annual flooding from the monsoons supported agriculture, which was critical for sustaining large urban populations.
- E. Organized efforts were needed to build water-management projects such as reservoirs, which required coordination and labor specialization within these societies.
- F. The monsoons provided water for public baths, indicating an emphasis on cleanliness and ritual, as well as the societal importance of managing water resources for various uses.