By the remainder theorem the remainder when dividing p(x) by x-a is p(a).
Dividing by x+1 means we want p(-1).
p(-1) = (-1)³ - 2(-1)² -4(-1) - 1 = -1 - 2 + 4 - 1 = 0
Answer: 0
They go in evenly so x+1 is a factor of p(x).
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