The Maya were an ancient civilization located in and around the Yucatan Peninsula. Their culture came thousands of years before the Aztec civilization. The Maya were ruled by a collection of city-states, or polities. Giant buildings called step pyramids dominated the cities. Each city-state tried to gain more influence through military conquest. We consider the Maya a single civilization because they shared very similar cultures. Maya writing is made of symbols that represent sounds. They had hundreds of symbols that they used to write words. We have learned much about the Maya from their writing, which has been found on stone, wood, pottery, and in a type of book called a codex. Stone columns, called stelae, are covered in writing that traces the histories of families and wars.To better understand their Gods, the Maya made many scientific and technological advances. They made detailed charts of the stars in the sky, without using telescopes! A key constellation was the pleiades cluster, which they considered to be the home of their ancestors. The Spanish finished conquering all of the Mayan polities by the 17th century, but people of Mayan descent still live in the same region of the world today.