Answer:
The correct option is;
(3) The sample of track athletes show that there is a correlation between foot size and running speed
Explanation:
The statements are analysed as follows;
(1) Smaller foot sizes cause track athletes to run slower.
The above statement is a conclusion and it infers more information than is contained in the question statement because there are other factors such as taller athletes run faster than average sized athletes
(2) The sample of track athletes shows a causal relationship between
foot size and running speed.
The above statement is similar to the one above as it is a milder conclusion and it infers more information than is contained in the question statement
(3) The sample of track athletes shows a correlation between foot size
and running speed.
The above statement is correct as is directly supported by the data as it is a statement made based directly the data
(4) There is no correlation between foot size and running speed in
track athletes.
The above statement is not supported by the available data.