Answer:
d. all of the above
Step-by-step explanation:
Deviance, which is doing something quite different from what a gruop of people did because you are convinced that such way could be another way of achieving same result is not a common approach in life.
For example, in a culture that promote the killing of twins, it would be a deviance, if somone decided to keep her twins and states reasons why they should ould not be killed. even though it would take time for the norm to change, it would end up unifying the group, and clarifying the already long held norms that was not good for the society.