Question

George, 60 yrs old teacher seen by his Nephrologist for lack of urination and gradual decline in his kidney functions. Known diabetic for 20 years, poorly controlled and he is getting dialysis three times a week. Physical examination is significant for high blood pressure and edema. Based on the above history and findings, please answer the following:

1. What's the diagnosis for George?
2. Clinical Manifestations for this condition
3. What are the lab tests to confirm the diagnosis?
4. What are the complications of this diagnosis.
5. Treatment for this condition.

Answer 1

Diagnosis for George is Chronic Kidney Disease.

Step-by-step explanation:

1.Diagnosis on the basis of the above mentioned scenario, George is diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease.

2.Clinical Manifestations for this condition are Swelling of legs, tiredness, pain, nausea, incontinence.

3.Lab test to confirm diagnosis Complete urine analysis, Complete blood count, ultrasound or CT scan, kidney biopsy, calculation of GFR.

4.Complications of CKD are Gout, Anemia, Metabolic acidosis, Bone disease, Hyperphosphatemia, Heart disease, High potassium (hyperkalemia) , Fluid retention.

5.Treatment for CKD is Dialysis mainly but other treatment and preventions are

Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

Keep a healthy blood pressure.

Follow a low-salt, low-fat diet.

Exercise at least 30 minutes on most days of the week.

Keep a healthy weight.

Do not smoke or use tobacco.

Limit alcohol.

Talk to your doctor about medicines that can help protect your kidneys.