Final answer:
Rachel is likely experiencing the effects of the 'glass ceiling,' an invisible barrier caused by discrimination that hampers women's advancement to executive levels in corporate structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the scenario provided, the factor that has prevented Rachel from getting promoted is likely the glass ceiling. The glass ceiling refers to an invisible barrier caused by discrimination that prevents women and other marginalized groups from rising to the highest levels of an organization, including in the corporate sector. This barrier is not necessarily the result of any official corporate policy, but rather is a manifestation of systemic problems associated with gender roles, stereotypes, and biases in the workplace.
Moreover, the statistics illustrating the minimal representation of women as chief executives, despite a significant increase over the years, are indicative of this glass ceiling. The lack of advancement opportunities, unsupportive supervisors, and other workplace cultural issues further contribute to this issue. The gender biases that exist based on gender roles and motherhood, and the lack of role models or mentors for women in executive positions, exacerbate the problem.