Final answer:
The Second Great Awakening and transcendentalism both emphasized the importance of individual rights and responsibilities, aligning with the spirit of self-determination and personal integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Both the Second Great Awakening and the philosophies of the transcendentalists shared a significant similarity: they promoted the idea of individual rights and responsibilities. The Second Great Awakening emphasized that individuals should take charge of their own salvation, which correlates with the transcendentalist belief in the importance of personal integrity and self-reliance. Leaders like Charles G. Finney advocated for individuals to be proactive in their spiritual success, mirroring the capitalist spirit of self-determination prevalent during the era.
Transcendentalists such as Emerson also underscored the importance of individuality, despite societal pressures to conform. The transcendental movement, reflecting Romanticism, elevated the spirit over reason and urged individuals to trust in their inner moral compass rather than external authority.
With respect to the question posed, the correct choice that outlines the major similarity between the two movements is D. Each promoted individual rights and responsibilities rather than reliance on a powerful leadership class.