Question

Which of the following is true regarding cephalization?

a. Although most predatory vertebrates demonstrate cephalization, herbivores and other prey animals do not (as cephalization is thought to have evolved specifically in predators).
b. All multicellular organisms demonstrate cephalization, including both cnidarians and bilaterians.
c. The eyes of owls, the noses of bloodhounds, and the ears of bats could all be considered examples of cephalization (as each of these structures are associated with specialized sensory neurons, specific cranial ganglia and nerves).
d. Cephalization first appeared in the last common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians; it is not the result of convergent evolution.
e. Cephalization was initially believed to have evolved to assist in "backward" motion, as many organisms possess sensory organs at both their anterior and posterior ends.

Answer 1

The correct answer is option c. "The eyes of owls, the noses of bloodhounds, and the ears of bats could all be considered examples of cephalization (as each of these structures are associated with specialized sensory neurons, specific cranial ganglia and nerves)".

Step-by-step explanation:

Cephalization is a term used to describe the tendency of multiple organisms of developing a head region where the mouth, sense organs and different nerves can be concentrated. Since cephalization involves nerves, sensory neurons and specific cranial ganglia, the term include structures that are attached to the head. For instance, the eyes of owls, the noses of bloodhounds, and the ears of bats are all considered part of cephalization.