Answer:
The preferable options for the fill in the blanks will be -
Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes
Step-by-step explanation:
Proto-oncogenes are a variety of genes that have the potential to subvert the cell's own activities and push it to the malignant state. They encode proteins that have various functions in a cell's normal activities and can be converted to oncogenes.
- A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that becomes an oncogene when it is altered by mutation. Oncogenes causes cancer.
- Some Proto-oncogenes give signals during cell division. Other proto-oncogenes regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death).