Final answer:
To determine if events N and V are independent, one must verify if P(N|V) = P(N) or if P(N AND V) = P(N) * P(V). Without specific probability values for these events, one can't conclusively say whether they are independent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is determining if two events are independent. Two events, N and V, are independent if the probability of N occurring does not change whether V occurs or not. This can be mathematically stated as P(N|V) = P(N). The given probabilities are not provided directly in the question, so we'll rely on the definitions and examples provided.
For instance, let's consider the example given with events G and H where P(G) = .6, P(H) = .5, and P(G AND H) = .3. G and H are independent events if P(GH) = P(G) * P(H), which in this case is .6 * .5 = .3, which equals P(G AND H). Hence, events G and H are independent since the probabilities comply with the rule for independent events.
So, to determine if events N and V are independent, you would need to know the values of P(N), P(V), and either P(N|V) or P(N AND V) and verify if P(N|V) = P(N) or P(N AND V) = P(N) * P(V).