Answer:
effect size; r value; statistical significance; p value.
Step-by-step explanation:
Okay, let us first fill in the gap in the question above, note that the words in the bracket are the missing words in the question above.
"A(n) (effect size) describes the strength of an association between variables, and in correlations it is typically measured by the (r-value). The term (statistical significance) refers to the conclusion a researcher makes on whether or not results were due to chance, and it is measured by the (p-value)''.
In order to be able to solve this question one must understand statistics very well. The EFFECT SIZE is used to show the relationship between two groups or parameters and it focuses more in the difference between the size of these two groups or variables or parameters such as the Cohen's d. The effect size can be measure by r value.
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE is the measurement how significant the outcome of an experiment is that is whether the outcome of an experiment is going to be effective or not and it is measured with p-value.