Answer: a) 1.729, b) 2.712, c) 3.169, d) 2.602.
Explanation:
Since we have given that
a) one-tail test, alpha = 0.05, and n = 20
So, the degree of freedom =

So,

b) one-tail test, alpha = 0.005, and n = 39
So, the degree of freedom =

So,

c) two-tail test, alpha = 0.10, and n = 11
So, the degree of freedom =

So,

d) two-tail test, alpha = 0.02, and n = 16
So, the degree of freedom =

So,

Hence, a) 1.729, b) 2.712, c) 3.169, d) 2.602.