Answer:
A. labeling theory
Step-by-step explanation:
Judge Juddson sentenced Freda, a 13-year-old shoplifter, to a diversion program consisting of counseling instead of sending her to reform school or jail. The judge did not want Freda to be imprinted with a reputation as a thief so early in life. This exemplifies a practice influenced by labeling theory.
Labeling theory asserts that when a particular label is used on an individual, that individual begins to identify with such label. For example, when a child is labelled a thief due to a deviant behavior, that child begins to behave as such.