Final answer:
The Industrial Revolution increased population growth due to improvements in sanitation, medical care, and food production, alongside urbanization and a demographic shift towards smaller families and a higher standard of living.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed population dynamics through a variety of factors. The rise of technological advances such as improved sanitation, and living and working conditions, contributed to lower death rates and higher birth rates. This period also marked a substantial demographic shift with rural populations moving to cities for factory work, and agriculture becoming more efficient through mechanization.
This process fueled a demographic shift, as urbanization led to smaller family sizes and more women entering the workforce. The increased productivity of farms meant that fewer workers were needed in rural areas, leading to a migration to urban centers seeking factory jobs. The access to better healthcare and food security continued to drive the growth of the population well into the 20th century, a trend initiated by the Industrial Revolution.
Finally, the Industrial Revolution introduced an era of mass production and exploitation of fossil fuels which energized industrial activities. This further stimulated population growth by facilitating higher living standards and economic growth on a scale previously unseen.