Answer:
The correct answer is B. negative reinforcement
Step-by-step explanation:
Elton's mother has been nagging and nagging that he should stop fooling around with his guitar and start studying. Finally, in order to stop her nagging, Elton complies and hits the books. This example illustrates the effect of negative reinforcement.
Negative reinforcement is a term described by B. F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning. In negative reinforcement, a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.