Answer: C) race
Step-by-step explanation:
Race is the factors that describes about varying physical traits in humankind such as complexion,personality, and various other physical characteristics which makes a person different from other in a society
According to the question race is the factor for severe suspension punishment as they are Latino boys.Bernardo and Lionel not have the same physical traits as other students of Texas.
Other options are incorrect because religion, education and wealth are not the factors that led to detention change into suspension as punishment for Lionel and Bernardo. Thus, the correct option is option(C).