Answer:
A.
Step-by-step explanation:
They all live on the surface of the host, where they feed on the metabolites from the outside environment.They caused damages to the host,while the host receive no benefit in return. Ectoparasites are therefore said to exhibit parasitism as a form of symbiotic association .
Their presence is therefore said to be an infestation,since they are outside the host and do not cause severe damaged to the host ( and not an infection which is associated with parasites that live in the host-endoparasites.)
They can also serve as vecrtors of pathogens to the host