Answer: c. Alec judges his own performance on the basis of how his classmates go
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the goal orientation theory, there´re two kinds of goal orientations.
Mastery-oriented goals refer to a desire to learn to master new skills as a means for self-improvement.
On the other hand, performance-oriented goals, such as Alec´s, concentrates on showing a high ability to prove oneself better than others.