Answer:
First of all, a primary difference between the two revolutions was that the Chinese Revolution occured much later and lasted much longer than the Russian Revolution. Communism triumphed in China in 1949, 30 years after the Russian Revolution. The Chinese Revolution lasted about 28 years, while the Russian Revolution only lasted about one year. The reason for this difference is because the ideas of Karl Marx (which inspired the movement in Russia) were barely known in China in the early 1900s. In Russia, intellectuals had been discussing socialism for half a century, so when the time came, Vladimir Lenin knew the revolution must happen. It was rapid and successful, so it only lasted a short time. In China, it took a long time for the communist party to build up. The revolution was slower because there was less industrialization and social unrest. Not until the Chinese Communist Party formed were the Marxist strategies practiced.
Another difference is who the activists in each of the revolutions looked to for support. In Russia, the Bolshevik's primary audience was workers in Russia's major cities. Industrialization had been causing major unrest in the cities, which is why the revolutionaries knew it must be them who they appealed to. This unrest, combined with efforts from the Bolsheviks, led to the revolution in 1917. In China, the peasants of the rural countryside took up most of the population. At this time, China's industrial base was much smaller than Russia's so they didn't have as many urban workers. The Guomindang, a nationalist party ruling China at the time, did little to help the rural areas of the country. The Chinese Communist Party impressed the peasants with their military strategies, promised land reform, and empowerment of women.
The Russian and Chinese Revolutions also contrast in their military strategies they used to gain support. In Russia, the Bolsheviks gained support by urging Russian withdrawal from the first World War, which had caused so much damage an unrest from the people. In China, the communist party gained support by aggressively pursuing the struggle against Japanese invaders during World War II. The reason for this difference in unification. The Bolsheviks knew that their targeted supporters would become unified in their effort to withdrawal from World War I, while the Chinese knew that their people would become unified by counter-attacking the Japanese in their invasion and overthrowing the current government (the Guomindang), giving the large peasant population more power and decreasing the poverty.
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