Final answer:
The immediate outcome of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 was that it overthrew the Qing Dynasty but failed to unify the country, leading to political fragmentation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The immediate outcome of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 is best described in statement "C": It overthrew the ruling dynasty but did not unify the country. The fall of the Qing Dynasty marked the end of dynastic rule in China and the establishment of the Republic of China. However, this did not lead to a unified, stable government. Instead, it resulted in political fragmentation and the eventual rise of different factions, including the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists led by Mao Zedong, vying for control of the nation.
After the 1911 revolution, European influence waned, and although Dr. Sun Yat-sen promoted an independent republic, his death in 1925 led to a power struggle and the split between Nationalists and Communists. This division set the stage for the eventual Chinese Civil War, which concluded with the Communist victory in 1949.
It's important to note that the 1911 revolution did not result in the establishment of Communism — that occurred much later, after the Chinese Civil War. Nor did it establish a direct democracy in China. The claim that it prevented Russian invasion is also misleading, as the Russian Revolution began years later, in 1917.