Question

How does the equilibrium between a solute and a solvent compare with the equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor?

Answer 1

Increase in pressure or concentration and decrease in temperature favors the formation of the liquid and the solute in the equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor and in the equilibrium between a solute and a solvent respectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor, as the pressure of the vapor increases it tends to favor the formation of the liquid, hence

Liquid ⇄ Vapor

`Liquid\xrightarrow[]{Decrease \,\, In\, \, Pressure} Vapor`

By Raoult's law we have that the concentration of the components of an ideal mixture is proportional to the mole fraction and vapor pressure

That is

`P =P_(A)^(*)X_(A) +P_(A)^(*)X_(A)`

Also increase in temperature favors the formation of the vapor

`Liquid\xrightarrow[]{Increase\,\, In\, \, Temperature} Vapor`

Similarly the in the equilibrium between a solute and a solvent we have

`Solution\xrightarrow[]{Increase\,\, In\, \, Concentrtion} More \,Solute \, Residue`

While decrease in concentration results in an excess amount of solvent

So also, increase in the temperature of the solution results in the consumption of excess solute

`Excess \,Solute\,(Oversaturated \,\,solution)\xrightarrow[]{Increase\,\, In\, \, Temperature} Saturated \, solution`