Answer: As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, several gemstones can be identically replicated in a lab through various processes. These lab-created gemstones are often referred to as "synthetic" or "lab-grown" gemstones. Some of the gemstones that can be replicated in a lab include:
Explanation: Cubic Zirconia (CZ): A popular diamond simulant with a brilliant sparkle.
Lab-Grown Diamonds: Diamonds that have the same chemical and physical properties as natural diamonds.
Lab-Grown Moissanite: A gemstone with exceptional brilliance and fire, often used as a diamond alternative.
Lab-Grown Ruby: Synthetic rubies that mimic the appearance and properties of natural rubies.
Lab-Grown Sapphire: Synthetic sapphires available in various colors, including blue, pink, yellow, and more.
Lab-Grown Emerald: Synthetic emeralds that closely resemble natural emeralds.
Lab-Grown Alexandrite: Synthetic alexandrite with color-changing properties similar to its natural counterpart.
Lab-Grown Aquamarine: Synthetic aquamarines with a blue to blue-green color.
Lab-Grown Amethyst: Synthetic amethysts that mimic the purple hue of natural amethysts.
Lab-Grown Opal: Synthetic opals with play-of-color similar to natural opals.
It's essential to note that while these lab-created gemstones share similar physical and chemical properties with their natural counterparts, they are typically more affordable and more sustainable alternatives. Lab-created gemstones are commonly used in jewelry and have gained popularity over the years. However, the gemstone market is continually evolving, and new advancements in gemstone synthesis may have occurred since my last update.