Answer:
Most eighth graders are formal operational thinkers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development is the last stage of the developmental theory theorized by Piaget. This stage occurs at the age of 11 and lasts till adulthood.
In this stage, a child begins to develop thoughts that are more sophisticated as well as advanced than other stages. A child begins to develop skills such as logical reasoning, deductive reasoning, etc.
Though this is the last and final stage of the developmental theory, Piaget theorized that not many people reach this stage.
So, from the given options, the one that is NOT true is the first option because it is NOT that most eighth graders develop formal operational, but only a few.
So, the correct option is the first one.