Question

Indicate at which step of the replication-transcription-translation process each type of RNA first plays a role. During which step of the replication-transcription-translation process does each type of RNA first play a role

Answer 1

Role of RNA

Step-by-step explanation:

Replication-Transcription-Translation process:

• In case of prokaryotes a single type of RNA Polymerase synthesizes all types of RNA (mRNA, rRNA and tRNA) whereas in case of eukaryotes three different types of RNA Polymerase synthesize different types of RNA
• RNA Polymerase I transcribe all types of rRNA except 5S rRNA
• RNA Polymerase II transcribe all types of mRNA and most of snRNA and miRNA
• RNA Polymerase III transcribe all types of tRNA, 5S rRNA
• During the process of transcription ( DNA to mRNA) mRNA is synthesized which carries the genetic information from DNA
• rRNA is required for the synthesis of ribosomes, ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein complex that actively participate in protein synthesis and found in all living cells
• A functional ribosome consists of two subunits:
• Smaller subunit decode genetic information present in mRNA whereas large subunit has peptidyl transferase activity; in bacteria peptidyl transferase activity present in 23S rRNA while in eukaryotes present in 28S rRNA
• Small and large subunit of ribosomes are associated to each other during translation initiation whereas essentially dissociate during translation termination
• tRNA are small (75-95 nucleotide long) in eukaryotes transcribed by RNA Polymerase III, function of tRNA includes transfer of activated amino acid from cytoplasm to the active site of ribosomes

Answer 2

Replication: DNA into DNA, and RNA primer are required;

Transcription/RNA processing: pre mRNA and then mRNA;

Translation: tRNA, rRNA

Step-by-step explanation:

1. During replication, a semi-conservative copy of a DNA molecule is made with the help of various enzymes and RNA primer.

2. Transcription/RNA processing: mRNA

During transcription, the DNA "message" ( in the form of codon) is copied into mRNA.

3. Translation: tRNA, rRNA

During translation, the information carried in the mRNA is translated into protein with the help of molecules of tRNA and rRAN to build a protein on the ribosomes.