Answer: c. Professional and effective communication
Explanation: Performance appraisals help organizations and their members measure performance and as such is focused on developing processes and their implementation that helps to maximize the productivity and effectiveness of the organization and its member in addition to grooming them to meet the set of behaviors that reflect the company’s beliefs, values and priorities.
In order to evaluate his employees using behavior-based information ( information on actions that relate to the performance being appraised) as opposed to trait-based or results-based information, employer Jian Ma would include professional and effective communication as a factor in his evaluation as it is one of the factors on which emphasis is placed on including several other factors such as collaboration, culture and ethics, strong employee relationship building etc.