Final answer:
Marketing research is a process that includes defining the problem, collecting and analyzing information, and recommending actions, often using surveys and the scientific method to obtain valid and reliable results.
Step-by-step explanation:
Marketing research refers to the process of defining a marketing problem and opportunity, systematically collecting and analyzing information, and recommending actions. This encompasses using surveys as a method for data collection, where individuals can express personal ideas anonymously. The research process involves a range of activities such as asking questions to define the problem, seeking answers through various means like interviews or media, and eventually analyzing data to provide actionable insights. Moreover, evaluation research plays a critical role in assessing organizational efforts and applying findings to real-world applications. Furthermore, sociological research using the scientific method and other qualitative methods like interviews, field research, and observation, ensures that results are reliable and valid.