Final answer:
Electrical conductivity is a property indicating how easily electricity can flow through a material, with conductors having high conductivity and insulators having low. Resistance measures how much a material opposes the flow of charge, dependent on the material's resistivity and affected by temperature. Dielectric strength is the maximum electric field an insulator can withstand before conducting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The measure of an object's ability to transmit electricity is known as its electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity is a property of materials that indicates how easily electric current can flow through them. Conductors, like copper, gold, and silver, exhibit high electrical conductivity, whereas insulators have much lower electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity is quantified by the relationship σ = J/E, where σ is the conductivity, J is the current density, and E is the electric field strength. Materials with high conductivity have low resistance, while materials with low conductivity have high resistance. The resistance of a material is influenced by its inherent resistivity and is also affected by factors like temperature.
Resistance is a concept that describes how much a material opposes the flow of electric charge. Highly resistant materials make it difficult for electric current to pass through, necessitating a higher energy (voltage) to drive the current. Additionally, the resistivity of a material is a fundamental property that dictates the resistance of an object made from that material. Superconductors are exceptional in that they have zero resistance at very low temperatures, meaning they can conduct electricity without energy loss.
Another related concept is dielectric strength, which pertains to insulating materials. It is defined as the maximum electric field strength that an insulating material can withstand before it begins to break down and conduct electricity, signifying a loss of its insulating properties.