Final answer:
To determine where each species belongs on the phylogenetic tree, examine their shared traits and make inferences about their evolutionary history. Five additional traits can be added to the phylogeny, such as anatomical structures, biochemical reactions, reproductive strategies, behaviors, and genetic sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
When examining specimens in the lab, you can determine where each species belongs on the phylogenetic tree based on their shared traits. By comparing the traits of different species, you can identify common characteristics and make inferences about their evolutionary history.
For example, if two species share a trait that is not found in any other species, they are likely more closely related and would appear closer on the phylogenetic tree.
To add five additional traits to the phylogeny, you can consider various characteristics such as anatomical structures, biochemical reactions, reproductive strategies, behaviors, and genetic sequences. By including these traits, you can further refine the phylogenetic tree and understand the relationships between different species more comprehensively.