The correct answer is short term memory
Short-term memory could be defined as the mechanism of memory that allows us to retain a certain amount of information for a short period of time. Short-term memory temporarily retains processed information that quickly disappears or becomes long-term memory. Short-term memory has two main characteristics: a limited capacity and a defined duration.
Short-term memory acts as a gateway to long-term memory or as a storehouse that makes it possible to retain information that we will not necessarily need in the future, just what we need at that time. Since short-term memory is directly linked to long-term memory, any damage done to short-term memory can affect the acquisition of new memories within long-term memory.
If short-term memory is damaged, we lose the ability to retain information for a short period of time. This would make it very difficult, or even impossible to understand long sentences and follow a conversation.