Question

Phosphatases are a family of enzymes that specifically remove phosphate groups from proteins that were added by protein kinases. Vanadate is an inhibitor of phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. What effect would vanadate have on the response of cells to signals received by receptor kinases

Answer 1

It will increase the cells response longer than the normal duration for response.

Step-by-step explanation:

Generally phosphorylation by phosphatases is important to protein structure.it brings about confrontational change in the protein structure, to create protein-protein interaction surfaces. The phosphate ion in the phosphorylated protein regulate the formation of hydrogen bonds among the amino acids residues in the surrounding cells.

This brings about a confrontational change in the structure of protein, which enable the substrate to have access to active site of the enzyme (phospatases),Therefore increasing catalytic actions for phosphorylated process.

Now if Vanadate inhibited phosphatases, phosphorylation of protein will be blocked. Confrontational change in the protein structure will not occur. Hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues will not be present, thus the essential confrontational change which create protein-protein interactions for the cell response from protein kinases will be blocked, thus making cell to take longer time to respond

Therefore it will take longer time for the cell to response to signals by receptor kinases.

Answer 2

The cell response to the signal will last longer than normal.

Step-by-step explanation:

The enzyme, protein kinases does the opposite of what phosphatases does, they add a phosphate group to a protein. Both these enzymes regulate the protein activity in a cell.