Answer: b. a marketing tool used to compare products against customer perceptions
Explanation: A perceptual map also known as a market map, is a marketing tool that is employed by asset marketers to compare product characteristics against customer perceptions as the positioning of a brand is affected by customer perceptions rather than by those of businesses.
Using perceptual maps, marketers are better able to estimate where consumers rank their business in terms of characteristics and in comparison to completion which is applicable in the creation of new products.