The correct answer is letter A
Intelligence is a set that forms all the intellectual characteristics of an individual, that is, the faculty of knowing, understanding, reasoning, thinking and interpreting. Intelligence is one of the main distinctions between humans and other animals.
Intelligence tests emerged between the 19th and 20th centuries, in an attempt to "measure" the size of individuals' intelligence.
The first test developed to measure intellectual capacity was created by the French psychologist Alfred Binet (1859-1911), which was applied in French schools to identify students with learning difficulties.
A few years later, the German psychologist William Stern (1871-1938) created the expression Quotient of Intelligence, known by the acronym IQ (Intelligenz-Quotient, in German), introducing the terms "IM (Mental Age)" and "CI (Age Chronological) ", to relate the intellectual capacity of a person and his age.