1) Two angles are vertical if they are opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines. Two angles are adjacent if they share the same vertex, same side, and do not overlap. Complementary angles have a sum of 90 degrees. Supplementary angles have a sum of 180 degrees. Angles that have the same measure are congruent angles.
2) Two angles are adjacent and complementary. One of the angles measures 30 degrees. What is the angle measure of the other angle? -> Since complementary angles add up to 90 degrees, it is 90-30 which is 60 degrees.
3) Two angles are adjacent and supplementary. One of the angles measures 40 degrees. What is the angle measure of the other angle? -> Same deal, but we are dealing with supplementary angles, so it's 180-40 which is 140 degrees.
4) One vertical angle measures 45 degrees. What is the measure of the other vertical angle? -> Since vertical angles are congruent to each other, the other vertical angle must be 45 degrees.