Final answer:
The invention referred to, likely papyrus and hieroglyphic writing, allowed the Egyptians to create a permanent record of their history and literature.
Step-by-step explanation:
This Invention most likely allowed the ancient Egyptians to create a permanent record of Egyptian history and literature. Given the context provided, the invention referred to could be papyrus and the writing system used by the Egyptians, such as hieroglyphics, to record significant amounts of information on scrolls. This technology was crucial for documenting religious texts, myths, governance records, trade transactions, and scientific knowledge like medicine and astronomy. This paved the way for such records to be preserved for millennia, providing modern historians and archaeologists with insights into ancient Egyptian civilization. Conversely, the creation of papyrus and the establishment of a writing system does not directly relate to the spread of culture through trade networks or the provision of maps for travel or education, although these activities were probably indirectly supported by the ability to record and transmit information.