Do you know basic proportionality theorem ? You can solve the problem easily by this.
In short: BPT is if a line is parallel to a side of the triangle which intersects the other sides imto two distinct points, then the line divides those sides in proportion.
In your problem, it's given that the mutual lines are parallel (PQ || BC), so it makes it divide |AP| with |AB| and |AQ| with |AC| proportionally.
|AP| / |AB| = |AQ| / |QC|
4/12 = x/16+x
4(16+x) = 12x
x=8
Hope it helps!
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