Check the picture below.
now, the Range and Domain are both assuming the lines goes no further, keeping in mind that most lines go to infinity.
the x-intercepts are just where the graph intersects or touches the x-axis.
the y-intercepts are just where the graph intersects or touches the y-axis.
vertex is simply where it makes the U-turn, and axis of symmetry is simply most of the time the x-coordinate of the vertex, of namely the line where the graph begins making a mirror image.