Answer:
C) loyalty to the brand
Step-by-step explanation:
Brand loyalty refers to a customer's personal attachment to a brand, e.g. some people really like certain car brands and to them, they are the best cars in the world, and no one should dare say the opposite in front of them.
Lowest end models generally attract younger buyers, and if they develop brand loyalty, they will keep buying the same brand over and over again. Their future cars will generally be larger and more expensive ones also.
This is one of the reasons why Cadillac's sales are continuously falling, since for decades they only focused on elder and wealthier customers, who are really old now.