Question

In a eukaryotic cell, the DNA is enclosed in the nucleus, whereas ribosomes that make proteins are located in the cytoplasm. How does the information in DNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a particular protein get to the cytoplasmic protein-manufacturing centers

Answer 1

Through the activities of the Messenger RNA.

Step-by-step explanation:

The first step in protein synthesis is Transcription; where a complementary code of the protein to be expressed and synthesize is copied on a different nucleic acid molecule called Messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA).

The mRNA aligned with one strand of unwind DNA double helix at the promoter sites.The one strand is called the template DNA or sense strand. Three molecules of mRNA nucleotides are joined, to form single strands of mRNA on the DNA templates, by enzyme RNA polymerase., During this process the codes of gene from the DNA are transferred to the mRNA. When the enzymes reached the terminator sequence, transcritption stopped, hydrogen bonds holding RNA=DNA, breaks and mRNA leaves through the nuclear pore to attach with ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Thus the information in DNA specifying the amino acid to be expressed (gene encoded in the mRNA,) can be transferred to the Ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) are present in the cytoplasm. They possess a binding site for amino acid, and another for the anticodons which are triplet of organic bases The mRNA with its complementary condons to the anticodons, on the units of the Ribosomes , paired with the codons to form Condon=anticodon complimentry pairing.Thus the coded gene of amino seqeunce from the DNA in the mRNA, determined the sequence in the tRNA, and therefore translated to appropriate amino acids sequence linked by polypepetides bonds in the cytoplams. This is translation.

Therefore information which left the nucleus has reached the cytoplasm located protein manufacturing centers by the mRNA.

Answer 2

Through mRNA

Step-by-step explanation:

DNA is the genetic material of most living cells and it holds the information needed for the synthesis of functional products (proteins). This information is embedded in the nuceleotide sequence of the DNA and it needs to be expressed through the processes of transcription and translation. The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes where the genetic material (DNA) is located.

Transcription involves the copying of the information contained in the DNA into a carrier molecule known as messenger RNA. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is not used for long term storage unlike the DNA, it helps convey the information in the sequence out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it attaches to Ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) for translation to occur. The mRNA contains complementary nucleotide sequence of the DNA.