Question

A university administrator obtains a sample of the academic records of past and present scholarship athletes at the university. The administrator reports that no significant difference was found in the mean GPA (grade point average) for male and female scholarship athletes ( P = 0.287 ) . This means that:

a. the maximum difference in GPAs between male and female scholarship athletes is 0.287.
b. the chance of obtaining a difference in GPAs between male and female scholarship athletes as large as that observed in the sample if there is no difference in mean GPAs is 0.287.
c. the GPAs for male and female scholarship athletes are identical, except for 28.7% of the athletes.
d. the chance that a pair of randomly chosen male and female scholarship athletes would have a significant difference in GPAs is 0.287.

Answer 1

A university administrator obtains a sample of the academic records of past and present scholarship athletes at the university. The administrator reports that no significant difference was found in the mean GPA (grade point average) for male and female scholarship athletes ( P = 0.287 ). This means that - the GPAs for male and female scholarship athletes are identical, except for 28.7% of the athletes. (Option C)

Explanation:

The probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed results of a statistical hypothesis test, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct is known as p-value.

The p-value is used as an option to reject points to provide the smallest level of significance at which the null hypothesis would be rejected. A smaller p-value means that there is stronger evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

Only the statement expressed by option C is in correlation with the meaning of p-value.