Question

In many countries, like China or Iraq, individuals focus more on background knowledge and their relationship with their conversational partner than on the spoken words. These are ______ cultures.

Answer 1

Individuals in countries like China or Iraq, which prioritize background knowledge and relationships over spoken words, belong to collectivistic cultures. These cultures are contrasted with individualistic cultures, where personal independence is emphasized. Research and globalization trends support these cultural classifications.

Step-by-step explanation:

In many countries, like China or Iraq, individuals focus more on background knowledge and their relationship with their conversational partner than on the spoken words. These are collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and interconnectedness over individual achievement. In such cultures, understanding the context, including the relationship between speakers and their roles within a group, is essential for effective communication. This contrasts with individualistic cultures, which are more prevalent in Western countries like the United States, England, and Australia, where personal autonomy and self-expression are valued more highly.

Masuda and Nisbett's research helps illustrate these differences by showing that members of collectivistic cultures tend to focus on context and relationships more than members of individualistic cultures do when processing information. Furthermore, global trends like increased communication and trade are contributing to intercultural exchanges and could eventually lead to a more global culture, though this is still a subject for further observation and research by sociologists and anthropologists.

Answer 2

Answer: high context Culture.

Explanation:The concepts of high context a refer to how people communicate in different cultures. Differences can be derived from the extent to which meaning is transmitted through actual words used or implied by the context.

High context usually implies a lot of unspoken information is implicitly transferred during communication. People in a high context culture such as Iraq tend to place a larger importance on long-term relationships and loyalty and have fewer rules and structure implemented. The following applies for a High Context Culture

-Indirect and implicit messages

-Polycrhonic

-Low use of non-verbal communication

-Use intuition and feelings to make decisions

-Long-term relationships

-Relationships are more important than schedule.

The other type of culture is the Low Context Culture as found in the US. The opposite of the High Context Culture traits applies here.